Stimulus generalization once conditioning has occurred the subject may respond not only to the cs, but to stimuli similar to it. Sensory memory extends the duration of the perception of stimuli long enough that they can be recognized, transformed encoded, and relayed to conscious awareness. Stimulus discrimination is when a brand uses packaging design in order to completely differentiate itself from its competing brands. Stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to. The concept of stimulus discrimination follows from the idea of stimulus generalization, which is when we respond not only. Stimuli comparative cognition laboratory psychological. Read each of the following statements and determine to which of the following terms each statement refers. Barrons ap psychology chapter 6 flashcards quizlet. One of psychologys most infamous studies was carried out by john b. Watson and rosalie rayner conditioned a little boy to fear a white rat. For example, imagine that a dog has been conditioned to run to its owner when it hears a whistle. You have 50 minutes to answer both of the following questions.
In the conditioning process, stimulus generalization is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. It demonstrates why manufacturers of private brands make their. After a moment, she realizes that this book is one that a. Is adaptive, given you rarely see the same stimulus more than once. Stimulus generalization stimulus generalization is the tendency of a subject to respond to a stimulus or a group of stimuli similar but not identical to the original cs. While browsing in a bookstore, vhamala is drawn to a particular book title. Chapter 5 generalization, discrimination and stimulus. Introduction to psychology is adapted from a work produced by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. When behavior is modified by its consequences, the probability of that behavior occurring again may either increase in the case of reinforcement or decrease in the case of punishment for example, speeding through a red light may lead to getting struck broadside by another vehicle. Is the effect of conditioning which removes the discrimination between two stimuli and responsible for evoking the same response.
What is stimulus generalization in marketing terms. Generalization occurs when an organism makes the same response to different stimuli. In 19, psychologist john watson conducted an experiment to see if he could. In this video i explain two examples of aversive conditioning. At this point in learning, the subject will begin displaying the behavior when a stimulus is presented, so we can then say that the behavior has been acquired. Any external or internal situation, event or agent that arise a response from animal or human. This occurs during the classical conditioning process. But classical conditioning is the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus a stimulus that naturally produces a reaction with a conditioned stimulus one that does not naturally bring about that reaction, but that can be conditioned to by a kind of association.
An eliciting stimulus is an essential component of pavlovian conditioning for example, if a piece of chocolate unconditioned stimulus is placed into your mouth, then you will probably salivate copiously unconditioned response. Please refer to the content outline, found on pages 4, and note that our 12 units address. Using horses, we investigated three aspects of the stimulus control of leverpressing behavior. Stimulus generalization cliffsnotes study guides book. Stimulus generalization gradient for subjects that were trained to identify the target length which is of 75 as the dimension of length and were tested in the presence of the other dimensions of length.
An operant response is a behavior that is modifiable by its consequences. For example, a subject may initially make the desired response when exposed to any sound that is, to a generalized stimulus rather than making such a. Learning to react to one thing but then confusing other. Learning is the changing of behavior in response to experience and comes in a number of forms, each of which operates according to. An initial investigation and extension article in psychology and marketing 171. Stimulus generalization is when an organism responds to a new stimulus in the same way as a previously encountered stimulus, based on similarity of the stimuli and the organisms history of reinforcement with the previous stimulus. Stimulus generalization is a phenomenon that can occur in both classical and operant conditioning. Essay on psychology generalization and discrimination. John watsons little albert study pairing presentation of a rat with a loud noise, and john garcia and. Classical conditioning refers to learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus e.
A classically conditioned response to a slightly different signal will depend on its resemblance to the original. Stimulus generalization noun the noun stimulus generalization has 1 sense. One of the best known cases of stimulus generalization is that of little albert. Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak. Print myers psychology for ap vocabulary all 14 units quizlet. Explain the roles that extinction, generalization, and discrimination play in conditioned learning. The extension of a learned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. For example, a subject may initially make the desired response when exposed to any sound that is, to a generalized stimulus rather than making such a response only to a specific sound. Stimulus generalization is the tendency of a subject to respond to a stimulus or a group of stimuli similar but not identical to the original cs. Ap psychology requirements and whs learning expectations college board curricular requirements evidence of curricular requirement the course provides instruction in each of the following 14 content areas outlined in the ap psychology course description. It occurs when organisms display a response to stimuli other than. A definition with examples 24 advertisement in the classic little albert experiment, researchers john b. Watson and his colleague rosalie rayner watson and rayner, 1920. The cessation of a learned response, usually resulting from an end to conditioning.
This test contains 12 ap psychology practice questions with detailed explanations, to be completed in 9 minutes. Ap psychology terminology that deals with learning. The researchers observed that the boy experienced stimulus generalization by showing fear in response to similar stimuli including a dog, a rabbit, a fur coat, a white santa claus. Extinction, generalization, and discrimination in this video i explain some other terminology for describing aspects of classical conditioning including acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination, and secondorder or higherorder conditioning. Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism that has learned a. Stimulus discrimination is the tendency for a response to occur only when a particular stimulus is present. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone. Stimulus generalization used as a noun is very rare. Stimulus discrimination is when we learn to respond only to the original stimulus, and not to other similar stimuli. This infant was little albert, who was naturally afraid of loud noises, but not white rats. Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimulus that are similar to the original stimulus. Effect of intradimensional discrimination training on stimulus control. Chapter 5 generalization, discrimination and stimulus control psychology pysc 387 with unknown at athabasca university studyblue.
Stimulus discrimination definition psychology glossary. Stimulus generalization definition psychology glossary. Students will be able to identify examples of acquisition, spontaneous recovery, extinction, generalization, and discrimination in classical conditioning directions. Generalization of fear conditioning was evidenced by main effects of stimulus type in both patients, f5,174.
Presentation of the conditioned stimulus cs and unconditioned stimulus ucs in. Learning learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit a fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat. How the stimulus generalization process is conditioned. Through stimulus generalization, stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus will. In operant conditioning, stimulus generalization is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if its the original discriminative stimulus. In psychology, a stimulus is any object or event that elicits a sensory or behavioral response in an organism in perceptual psychology, a stimulus is an energy change e. In 19, psychologist john watson conducted an experiment to see if he could instill a fear of little white lab rats into an infant. An eliciting stimulus is a change in the environment that is highly correlated with the occurrence of a later response. It is not enough to answer the question by merely listing facts.
Since i have not taken a psychology class in almost 30 years, i an probably not the best person to answer this. Acquisition refers to an early stage of the learning process during which time a response is first established. Study 84 chapter 5 generalization, discrimination and stimulus control flashcards from on studyblue. Stimulus generalization tendency to respond to stimuli. What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if its the original conditioned stimulus. Sensory memory preserves incoming sensory information in its original sensory form for only a fraction of a second. Stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds to a stimulus in the same way that it responds to a similar stimulus. Responding to things that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
The tendency to respond to another stimulus that is similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus. The ability to distinguish between similar but nonidentical stimuli. The brand chosen is classmate, a very wellknown notebook range by itc. As we have seen in chapter 1, introducing psychology, scientists associated with the. In classical conditioning, acquisition refers to when the previously. Through stimulus generalization, stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus will also produce a response. Ap psych unit 5 behavioral psychology flashcards quizlet. An example of stimulus discrimination in classical. One of psychology s most infamous studies was carried out by john b. Extinction, generalization, and discrimination psych. This adapted edition is produced by the university of minnesota libraries publishing through the elearning support initiative when you teach introduction to psychology, do you find it difficult much harder than teaching.